New Zealand is renowned for its stunning landscapes, diverse ecosystems, and unique wildlife. Among the many avian inhabitants that grace the shores of this island nation, the New Zealand Pied Shag (kāruhiruhi), also known as a cormorant, stands out as a remarkable and enigmatic species. There are about 36 species of shags worldwide. There are twelve species of Pied Shags found in New Zealand. Eight of these species are endemic to New Zealand.

• English name: Pied Shag
• Māori name: Kāruhiruhi 
• Scientific name: Phalacrocorax varius varius

Size

• Length: 65 – 85 cm
• Weight: 1.3 – 2.1 kg

The Plumage of New Zealand Pied Shags

Dressed in a striking monochrome ensemble, the New Zealand Pied Shag is easily identifiable by its contrasting black and white plumage. With distinct patterns accentuating their elegance, these seabirds make an indelible mark against the coastal canvas.

Distribution and Habitat

New Zealand Pied Shags are mainly found along the coastal regions of New Zealand, including the North and South Islands, as well as some of the country’s smaller offshore islands. These seabirds prefer rocky coastlines, estuaries, and sheltered bays, where they can build their nests on cliffs, rock ledges, or trees. Accordingly, they are frequently seen perched on rocks with their wings spread out, drying their feathers.

Breeding and Nesting Behaviour

The breeding season for the New Zealand Pied Shag typically occurs from September to December. During this time, they form breeding colonies close to their foraging grounds. As the image below shows, the birds build large nests. They use sticks, seaweed, and other materials, creating communal nesting sites that house multiple pairs.

Feeding Habits

New Zealand Pied Shags are proficient divers and feed primarily on fish, squid, and other small marine creatures. Their adept swimming skills and streamlined bodies enable them to hunt underwater, with dives often lasting several minutes. Their feathers are not waterproof and cannot stay underwater long. New Zealand Pied shags are known for their impressive fishing techniques. Such as pursuing their prey beneath the water’s surface and using their sharp, hooked beaks to help them catch their prey.

Conservation Status: Nationally vulnerable

While the New Zealand Pied Shag is not considered globally threatened, some populations face localised threats, including habitat destruction, disturbance by humans, and predation by introduced species. With this in mind, ongoing conservation efforts are essential to ensure these birds’ continued well-being and preserve their coastal habitats.

Threats

Specifically, oil spills, fishing nets and lines, habitat loss, and drowning in cray pots. New Zealand Pied shags were previously killed by fishers who considered them a threat in competition for fish. 

Significance in Ecosystems

These birds play a vital role in New Zealand’s coastal ecosystems. As skilled hunters, they help regulate local fish populations, contributing to the delicate balance of marine ecosystems. In addition, their nesting sites also serve as indicators of the overall health of coastal environments, making them valuable subjects for ecological monitoring.

Accordingly, the New Zealand Pied Shag stands as a testament to the rich biodiversity that graces the islands of New Zealand. Owing to their distinctive appearance, fascinating behaviours, and ecological significance, these seabirds capture the imaginations of bird enthusiasts and conservationists alike. Consequently, conservation efforts to protect and appreciate the diverse flora and fauna make New Zealand unique. The New Zealand Pied Shag remains a captivating ambassador for the country’s coastal ecosystems.